Abstract
Continuous Piecewise-Affine Based (CPAB) transformations, introduced by Freifeld et al. (2015, 2017), are flows obtained by integrating continuous piecewise-affine (CPA) velocity fields. These expressive transformations have proven useful in applications including nonlinear temporal warping and trainable activation functions in 1D, as well as nonrigid spatial deformations in 2D and 3D. While computational costs were not an issue in 1D, they originally limited the practical expressiveness of CPAB transformations in higher dimensions, especially in 3D. Our recent work (Aflalo et al., 2026) removed this bottleneck, enabling efficient optimization with much finer tessellations and substantially greater expressiveness. There is, however, a mathematical subtlety that was overlooked in the original CPAB papers (Freifeld et al., 2015, 2017). CPAB transformations are always bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms, implying that both the transformations and their inverses are differentiable almost everywhere. They are not, however, necessarily diffeomorphisms. This note remedies the omission by identifying sufficient regularity conditions under which a CPAB transformation is guaranteed to be a diffeomorphism. We explain how differentiability can fail and how the proposed conditions prevent this failure. In 1D and 2D, we show that these conditions can be easily enforced and, for commonly used tessellations, hold with probability one under standard sampling assumptions. We expect analogous behavior in 3D.
Abstract (translated)
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32369
