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Towards Consistent Geospatial Representations: Aligning One Encoder to Many Foundation Models

2026-10-20 14:52:21
Arthur Ouaknine, David Rolnick
arXiv_CV
     
Abstract

Geospatial foundation models (GFMs) differ widely in pretraining objective, modality and resolution, and none leads across benchmarks. We ask whether their representations are complementary, and whether a single encoder can inherit that complementarity. We introduce Pangaea-Latents, an extension of the Pangaea benchmark providing frozen embeddings of $5$ GFMs over its $11$ datasets, along with reproduced baselines, and find GFM embeddings to be neither redundant nor disjoint. We then propose GeoMixture, a preliminary framework to align a ViT to several GFMs per dataset through a multi-representation alignment (mREPA) objective. Our encoder ties the best GFM in average rank across nine Pangaea datasets, trading peak performance for cross-task consistency.

Abstract (translated)

URL

https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28313

PDF

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.28313.pdf

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