Abstract
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving by jointly integrating perception, reasoning, and decision making within a unified multimodal framework. However, most existing VLA models formulate end-to-end autonomous driving as a visual question answering task, leading to unreliable and less interpretable decision reasoning. In addition, they fail to establish effective multi-modal interaction across heterogeneous sensors, thereby limiting robust scene perception and reliable driving reasoning in long-tail driving scenarios. To this end, we propose a robust VLA-based end-to-end autonomous driving system that combines multi-modality interaction with multi-trajectory planning and optimization, enabling more reliable, interpretable, and safer driving decisions. Our method comprises three core components: (1) Affinity-Guided Optimal Transport for main-auxiliary modality two-way interaction; (2) Distribution-Consistent Modality Transfer for heterogeneous modality distribution transfer and cross-modal interaction; (3) Multi-modal Multi-Trajectory Planning along with Perception-Oriented Trajectory Refinement for better driving decisions to long-tail driving scenarios. Experimental results in open-loop and closed-loop datasets demonstrate improvements in safety long-horizon driving reasoning and road scene perception over existing driving systems, highlighting the ability of our mutli-modality interaction and multi-trajectory planning and optimization for scalable VLA-based systems.
Abstract (translated)
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20890
