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A Systematic Comparison of Search Space Complexity and Efficiency for Time-Synchronous End-to-End ASR Models

2026-10-22 13:35:50
Simon Berger, Larissa Kleppel, Ralf Schl\"uter
arXiv_CL
           
Abstract

Search is a central component of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems and has been deeply investigated for classical ASR modeling based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). However, in work on current sequence-to-sequence ASR architectures it is often simplified to a small fixed-size beam search without external Language Model (LM). In this work, we present a comparative analysis of search space complexity and efficiency for Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) and neural transducer models under different pruning strategies and LM configurations. We show that these end-to-end (E2E) models work with a small search space most of the time but exhibit large temporary peaks in hypothesis count during periods of uncertainty. Score-based pruning dynamically adapts the search to model uncertainty, leading to a significantly lower Real-Time Factor (RTF). Our results highlight the limitations of search with low fixed-size beam pruning and provide practical guidelines for efficient search in E2E ASR.

Abstract (translated)

URL

https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31259

PDF

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.31259.pdf

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