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CulturalRiddles: A Multicultural Benchmark of Riddles

2026-10-21 16:20:30
My Chiffon Nguyen, Tianyi Hu, Vinod Anbalagan, Henry Gagnier, Pouya Sadeghi, Farah Abdou, Tidor-Vlad Pricope, Diego MMS Oliveira, Jocelyn K D'Arcy, Madeline Smith, Oluwaseun A Ajayi, Yusser Al Ghussin, Zena Al-Khalili, Micol Altomare, Shayan Amir, Ahanaf Aziz, Bryan Chen, Ruchira Dhar, Abdellah El Mekki, Rawan Mohammed Elframawy, Akhil Eppa, Silvia Fernandez, Alex Gimei, Arya Hariharan, Christian Hoang, RamMohanRao Kadiyala, Diana Kozachek, Peerat Limkonchotiwat, Ankita Maity, Di Mo, Ayush Munot, Aylin Naebzadeh, Anastasiia Nikitina, Dina Pisarevskaya, Divas Poudel, Jebish Purbey, Md Rabius Sany Apu, Ahmad Mufli Ramadhan, Ralitza Nikolova Rizova, Diogo M. Serrano-Miranda, Vivek Gopalkrishna Silimkhan, Luis Fernando Solis Navarro, Kaiser Sun, Arya Suneesh, Manaswitha Sunkara, Tejaswi Sunkara, Jonathan E Swindell, Hanna Yukhymenko, Jingyi Zheng, Esther Adenuga, Ilia Afanasev, Wafa Aissa, Lisa Alazraki, Lauren C Altomare, Priscilla Amondi Amuok, Emile Anand, Gabriel Assis, Jos\'{e} Mat\'{i}as Avalos, Silvia Lorena Avila, Zakaria Baannou, Niyati Bafna, Yash Bagla, Sarah Bahrami, Bontu F Balcha, Vanya Bannihatti Kumar, Irene Baucells, Abdumutalib Begmuratov, Naman Bhatia, Souvik Bhattacharyya, Isabel Blanco Ferreiro, Felipe Bochini, Sayuru Bopitiya, Angana Borah, Tulika Bose, Olena Bugaiova, Juliana Carvalho, Nancy F Chen, Stephy Chen, Rochelle Choenni, Jayanth Krishna Chundru, Leandro A Cossio, Neboj\v{s}a Damnjanovi\'{c}, Ona de Gibert, Marco De Santis, Pedro Delgado, Kaustubh Dhol\'{e}, Adnan El Assadi, Wesam El-Sayed, Nadine M Elframawy, Oumayma Essarhi, Naome A Etori, Reuben Chagas Fernandes, Saanidhi Pravin Gade, Javier Garc\'{i}a Gilabert, \'{A}lvaro Gonz\'{a}lez-Escapa, Bin Hu, Kaiyu Huang, Abderrahmane Issam, Danka Joki\'{c}, Ulugbek Khalilov, Dominik Krzemi\'{n}ski, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Haichang Li, Chen Cecilia Liu, Zhengyuan Liu, Cedric Lothritz, Houman Mehrafarin, Antonio Miranda-Escalada, Fengran Mo, Mehrnaz Mofakhami, Wafaa Mohammed, Felipe Moreno-Vera, Prahitha Movva, Jannatul Nayem, Van Ngo, Joy Olusanya, Marc P\`{a}mies, Avinash Kuney Pandey, Yurii Paniv, Fred Philippy, Vladislav Poritski, Dikshya Poudel, Joanna Rado{\l}a, Sara Rajaee, Swati Rajwal, Prerana Rane, Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi, Lucas Resck, Shubhashis Roy Dipta, Ananya Sahu, Eduardo S\'{a}nchez, Borja S\'{a}nchez Clemente, Aleix Sant, Nobin Sarwar, Istiak Shihab, Santhoshini Pranathi Singaraju, Jane Smith, David Stap, Emily Z Su, Ananth K Suresh, Sajag Swami, Ruiyang Tan, Nazia Tasnim, Khalid Tounoussi, Patteera Triamamornwooth, Muhammad Saad Umar, Shankar Venkitachalam, Oksana Volchek, Lingbo Wang, Debela Desalegn Yadeta, Rushikesh Zawar, Jinghan Zhang, Mike Zhang, Weihua Zheng, Marzieh Fadaee, Akhil Arora, K\'{a}roly Boczka, Julia Kreutzer
arXiv_CL
       
Abstract

As LLMs expand their language coverage, evaluating how well they understand and represent diverse cultures becomes increasingly important. However, many benchmarks remain English-centric, with limited cultural coverage and a focus on factual knowledge over its application in real-world cultural contexts. We propose CulturalRiddles, a benchmark of original, culturally grounded riddles created entirely by humans through a participatory community effort, spanning 62 cultures (45 countries, 51 languages). These riddles are deeply rooted in their respective cultures and require abductive and compositional reasoning, alongside detailed factual and social knowledge, language skills, and an understanding of culturally specific associations. We benchmark 28 LLM configurations using both automatic and large-scale human evaluation. Even frontier models achieve at most 22% accuracy in some communities. We publicly release all artifacts alongside an open contribution process to expand the benchmark's linguistic and cultural coverage.

Abstract (translated)

URL

https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29968

PDF

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.29968.pdf

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